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Renal Insufficiency and Traditional medicine

The kidney is invested by a thin capsule that is easily stripped off and consists of white fibrous tissue, with afew yellow elastic and nonstriated muscle fibrs. In some diseases of the kidney the capsule become adherent to the kidney and can not be readily stripped away.

The kidney has an internal medulla and an external cortex .

The renal medulla consists of a number of pale, striated, conical masses, termed the renal pyramids, the bases of which are directed towards the circumference of the kidney, while their apices converge towards the renal sinus, where they form prominent papillae projecting in to the interior of the calices, each minor calyx receiving form one to three papillae. Each pyramid, capped by cortical substance, forms a ‘lobe’ of the kidney. Estimates of the number of papillae-and hence of pyramids or renal ‘lobes’-are somewhat variable.

The renal cortex lies immediately beneath the fibrous capcule, arches over the bases of the pyramids, and dips in between adjacent pyramids towards the renal sinus. The renal columns, while the regions which connect the renal columns with each other and intervene between the bases of the pyramids and the fibrous capsule are called the cortical arches or cortical iobules. If this latter part of the cortex be examined with a lens, it will be seen to consist of a series of lighter coloured, conical areas, termed medullary rays, and a darker- coloured intervening substance, which form the complexity of its structure is named the convoluted part. The rays gradually taper towards the capsule of the kidney, and consist of a series of outward prolongations form the base of each renal pyramid.

Observing the kidneys through a microscope, it can be seen that the kidney are made of numerous tube like unites which are called nephron. The wall of these tubes consist of only one layer of cells which are directly next to blood cells. Each nephron consists of:

Glomerulus
Glomerular capsule (of bowman)
First proximal tubule
loop of Henle
Second distal tubule
Collecting tubule

the number of nephron is one to four million and Glomerul which is about 200 micron in diameter, is created by the inserting of veins into the cup like end of bowman cap. These veins reserve blood through a affrent arerioal and empty the blood through a smaller path.

The outside of andotelium bauman cap is of kind with hole of 200 nanometer in diameter. From the aspect of science, allows the free passing of neutral substances with the diameter of 4 nanometer and prevents the passing of substances with a diameter of over 8 nanometer to some extent. Proximal twisted tubule near is extended to a small piece of the desending part of the loop of Henle (12 mm long). The cells in this section are formed like cubes and have plenty of mitocondries. The base of the other part has lots of wide dents. The glomerolus cells that produce rennin are located next to the ascending thick part of henle arche which with the change of color in epytehlium, formed, and is some patients with hypertension associated with kidney disease, the juxtaglomerular cells have been found to be hypertrophied and to contain in creased numbers of granules. These granules are thought bysome workers to contain renia, an enzyme which converts a hypertensinogen in the blood to a polypeptide(hypertensin), and that the latter substance is responsible for the increase in blood pressure. The precise role of the juxtaglomerular cells in relation to hypertesion is, however, not definitely established, and similar uncertainty persists with regard to the site of production and mechanism of release of renin, and its exact significance in the normal homeostatic control of blood pressure, salt and water balance and the secretion of aldosterone.

It has been suggested that the juxtaglomerular apparatus provides a feedback control, whereby variations in the composition of the fluid in the distal convoluted tubule may cause alterations in glomerular blood flow, and in the secretory activity of the juxtaglomerular cells.The kidney’s job is the repelling of waste, organizing (haemostasis) and enducrine effect. The kidney’s main function is organizing the haemostasis of the body, that is gained through reabsorbtion and discharge.

The great physicians of traditional medicine such as Hakim Jorjani, Hakim Abo Ali Sina, Hakim Ebnne – Batooteh, Hakim Momen Tonekaboni and other believe the treatment for diseases such as renal in sufficiency, can be obtained through the study of nature and plants. The physicians of Imam Ali clinic also treat kidney problems with plants. It must be said that there are many herbs such as camel thron which influence the kidneys directly and others such as Mecca tea which have indirect effects on the kidneys and help control kidney disorders. The herbs of the first group are of the diuretic kind which restore the humors through urination. It looks as if they directly effect the cells of epithelium of primary tubules and collectors and the filteration of glomeroly and that they effect the urination PH due to their own special PH and cause the required state for the repelling of unwanted minerals and sediments. The effect of some herbs in correcting the obstraction, and filtration is more than others. Some herbs have effect on tuxtamedullary glomeralus. The physicians of Imam Ali clinic have succeeded in curing many kidney disorders such as renal insufficiencies.